College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing

The grades 6-12 standards below define what students should understand and be able to do by the end of each grade. They correspond to the College and Career Readiness (CCR) anchor standards below by number. The CCR and grade-specific standards are necessary complements - the former providing broad standards, the latter providing additional specificity - that together define the skills and understandings that all students must demonstrate.

Text Types and Purposes*

(1) Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
(2) Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
(3) Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.

Production and Distribution of Writing

(4) Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
(5) Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach.
(6) Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

(7) Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
(8) Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism.
(9) Draw evidence from literary and/or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Range of Writing

(10) Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

*These broad types of writing include many subgenres.

Note on range and content of student writing

For students, writing is a key means of asserting and defending claims, showing what they know about a subject, and conveying what they have experienced, imagined, thought, and felt. To be college- and career-ready writers, students must take task, purpose, and audience into careful consideration, choosing words, information, structures, and formats deliberately. They need to know how to combine elements of different kinds of writing - for example, to use narrative strategies within argument and explanation within narrative - to produce complex and nuanced writing. They need to be able to use technology strategically when creating, refining, and collaborating on writing. They have to become adept at gathering information, evaluating sources, and citing material accurately, reporting findings from their research and analysis of sources in a clear and cogent manner. They must have the flexibility, concentration, and fluency to produce high-quality first-draft text under a tight deadline as well as the capacity to revisit and make improvements to a piece of writing over multiple drafts when circumstances encourage or require it.

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College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing

Text Types and Purposes*

Production and Distribution of Writing

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

Range of Writing